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This is important because alleles can be dominant, recessive, or codominant to each other. That is, we expect a characteristic ratio of the nine possible genotypes. The ratio of these phenotypes is of course With three unlinked genes, each parent can produce 8 different types of gametes, which generates 64 possible genotypic combinations in the Punnett Square. For four unlinked markers, there are 16 possible gametes from each parent and cells in the complete Punnett square!

While the chromosomes are lined up close to one another, they have the opportunity to interact with one another, get tangled , and recombine to form new combinations of alleles. Already have an account? Log In. What scientific concept do you need to know in order to solve this problem? Our tutors have indicated that to solve this problem you will need to apply the Mendel's Laws concept. You can view video lessons to learn Mendel's Laws. Or if you need more Mendel's Laws practice, you can also practice Mendel's Laws practice problems.

If you forgot your password, you can reset it. Join thousands of students and gain free access to 23 hours of Biology videos that follow the topics your textbook covers. Analytical Chemistry Video Lessons. Cell Biology Video Lessons. Some bird nests and trees form a commensal relationship. The birds obtain shelter and protection without harming the tree.

Certain epiphytic orchids also form commensal relationships with trees. The dorsal fin of the remora is modified into a sucker which forms a temporary attachment to the shark. The shark does not seem to be inconvenienced by this and makes no attempt to remove the remora.

When the shark feeds, the remora is in a good position to pick up scraps of food left by the shark. Marine mammals, including whales and manatees, often carry harmless hitchhikers called barnacles on their backs. The barnacles benefit from the ride through nutrient-rich waters. In parasitism , the host is usually harmed, while the parasite benefits from the association.

There are many examples of parasitic plants and animals, including remarkable root parasites called broomrapes. The relationship between the jumping bean shrub and the jumping bean moth is certainly one-sided and probably slightly parasitic.

The moth larva is clearly a seed predator. Although the moth doesn't appear to harm the host that much, it could decrease the percentage of viable seeds. In mutualism both members of the association called symbionts derive benefit from their relationship. In a sense, this mutually beneficial relationship is a type of "marriage. There are many references in Wayne's Word about symbiosis, including the fig and fig wasp, yucca and yucca moth, acacia and acacia ant, azolla fern and cyanobacteria, and many others.

Which flower produces a seed inside its ovary? Which flower contains a wasp inside its ovary? Which flower produces pollen? Which flower does the female wasp oviposit in? Which flower does the male wasp chew a hole in?

In which flower does the male wasp inseminate the female wasp? In true dioecious figs, which tree perpetuates the symbiotic fig wasp? In true dioecious figs, which tree perpetuates the fig by producing seeds? In true dioecious figs, which tree produces pollen? Which flowers produce the crunchy, nutty nutlets in your fig newton? Which tree produces the crunchy nutlets of your fig newton? Which flowers mature last within the syconium?

Are figs a Protandrous or b Protogynous? Is Wolffia a Protandrous or b Protogynous? How many sets of chromosomes in the somatic cells of a drone? How many pairs of homologous chromosomes in somatic cells of a drone? Since drone bees come from unfertilized eggs and receive only maternal genes, are they genetically identical clones? Cells from the buccal mucosa squamous epithelial cells , often called "cheek cells" in general biology classes, are obtained by gently scraping the inside of the mouth with a toothpick.

If present, the SRY gene will show up as a unique banding pattern by electrophoresis on agar gels. The following choices refer to questions The gender of some of these chromosomal karyotypes and syndromes cannot be correctly identified using the Barr body technique. A phenotypic male with one Barr body. A phenotypic female with zero Barr bodies. A phenotypic female with one Barr body. A phenotypic male with no Barr bodies.

A phenotypic female with two Barr bodies. The gender of some of these chromosomal karyotypes and syndromes cannot be correctly identified using the Barr body or SRY techniques. A phenotypic male with twice as many SRY genes. A chromosomal XX female with a male phenotype. A chromosomal XY male with a female phenotype. A Genetic Cross Between Watermelons In watermelons the gene for green rind G is dominant over the gene for striped rind g , and the gene for short fruit S is dominant over the gene for long fruit s.

The alleles for rind color and fruit length occur on two different pairs of homologous chromosomes. For this question, assume that a gene for large melons L and and gene for many seeds F occur at opposite ends of another chromosome linkage. The alleles for size and seed number, i. A watermelon plant bearing large, green, short fruits containing many seeds was crossed with a plant bearing large, striped, long fruits containing many seeds.

Some of the offspring from this cross produced small, striped, long fruits with few seeds. Assuming no crossing over between homologous chromosomes , what is the fractional chance of producing the following offspring?

Remember that there are three pairs of homologous chromosomes in this problem, and one of the homologous pairs exhibits autosomal linkage.

The chromosomes of each parent are shown in the following illustration: Answer choices for questions a 2 b 4 c 8 d 16 e 32 How many different possible gametes can the green, short-fruit parent produce?

How many different possible gametes can the striped, long-fruit parent produce? Large, striped, long watermelon containing few seeds.

Large, green, short watermelon containing many seeds. Large, green, long watermelon containing many seeds. Large, striped, short watermelon containing many seeds. Large, striped, long watermelon containing many seeds. Small, green, short watermelon containing few seeds. Small, green, long watermelon containing few seeds.