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Lady Macduff turns and runs, and the pack of killers chases after her. To determine whether Macduff is trustworthy, Malcolm rambles on about his own vices. He admits that he wonders whether he is fit to be king, since he claims to be lustful, greedy, and violent.

Malcolm then retracts the lies he has put forth about his supposed shortcomings and embraces Macduff as an ally. When the doctor leaves, Malcolm explains to Macduff that King Edward has a miraculous power to cure disease. Ross enters. He has just arrived from Scotland, and tells Macduff that his wife and children are well.

He urges Malcolm to return to his country, listing the woes that have befallen Scotland since Macbeth took the crown. Malcolm says that he will return with ten thousand soldiers lent him by the English king. Then, breaking down, Ross confesses to Macduff that Macbeth has murdered his wife and children.

Macduff is crushed with grief. Malcolm urges him to turn his grief to anger, and Macduff assures him that he will inflict revenge upon Macbeth. The witches are vaguely absurd figures, with their rhymes and beards and capering, but they are also clearly sinister, possessing a great deal of power over events.

Are they simply independent agents playing mischievously and cruelly with human events? Perhaps their prophecies are constructed to wreak havoc in the minds of the hearers, so that they become self-fulfilling. It is doubtful, for instance, that Macbeth would have killed Duncan if not for his meeting with the witches. The witches stand outside the limits of human comprehension.

They seem to represent the part of human beings in which ambition and sin originate—an incomprehensible and unconscious part of the human psyche. In this sense, they almost seem to belong to a Christian framework, as supernatural embodiments of the Christian concept of original sin. If so, however, it is a dark Christianity, one more concerned with the bloody consequences of sin than with grace or divine love. Perhaps it would be better to say that Macbeth is the most orderly and just of the tragedies, insofar as evil deeds lead first to psychological torment and then to destruction.

The nihilism of King Lear, in which the very idea of divine justice seems laughable, is absent in Macbeth —divine justice, whether Christian or not, is a palpable force hounding Macbeth toward his inevitable end. The crowned child is Malcolm. This feature of his character — playing a part in order to strengthen the prospect of good — is in stark contrast to Macbeth , who plays a part in order to advance his own evil. In the final scene of the play, Malcolm is presented as the future king.

His use of the phrase "by the grace of Grace" indicates the importance that he attaches to the service of good and reminds the audience of his direct descent from one who ruled by divine right, as opposed to Macbeth, who usurped the throne.

Like his father Duncan , Malcolm is the representative of order. Previous Banquo. Outside the castle, a group of Scottish lords discusses the military situation: the English army approaches, led by Malcolm, and the Scottish army will meet them near Birnam Wood, apparently to join forces with them.

He calls his servant Seyton, who confirms that an army of ten thousand Englishmen approaches the castle. Macbeth insists upon wearing his armor, though the battle is still some time off. They decide that each soldier should cut down a bough of the forest and carry it in front of him as they march to the castle, thereby disguising their numbers.

It is a tale Told by an idiot, full of sound and fury, Signifying nothing. Within the castle, Macbeth blusteringly orders that banners be hung and boasts that his castle will repel the enemy. A messenger enters with astonishing news: the trees of Birnam Wood are advancing toward Dunsinane. Enraged and terrified, Macbeth recalls the prophecy that said he could not die till Birnam Wood moved to Dunsinane.

Resignedly, he declares that he is tired of the sun and that at least he will die fighting. Outside the castle, the battle commences. Malcolm orders the English soldiers to throw down their boughs and draw their swords. On the battlefield, Macbeth strikes those around him vigorously, insolent because no man born of woman can harm him.

Macduff emerges and searches the chaos frantically for Macbeth, whom he longs to cut down personally. He dives again into the battle. Elsewhere on the battlefield, Macbeth at last encounters Macduff.

They exit fighting. Malcolm and Siward walk together in the castle, which they have now effectively captured. Ross tells Siward that his son is dead. Malcolm declares that all his thanes will be made earls, according to the English system of peerage. They will be the first such lords in Scottish history.

Lady Macbeth, her icy nerves shattered by the weight of guilt and paranoia, gives way to sleepwalking and a delusional belief that her hands are stained with blood.